ABSTRACT
Abstract Baccharis species belonging to sect. Caulopterae are difficult to identify. Most countries are controlling the quality of herbal medicines destined for the internal market or export. "Carquejas" are used arbitrarily for the same medicinal purposes and only three species of sect. Caulopterae are official herbal medicines. In the present study, a morpho-anatomical and statistical analysis was performed with nine species of sect. Caulopterae: Baccharis articulata, B. crispa, B. gaudichaudiana, B. microcephala, B. penningtonii, B. phyteumoides, B. sagittalis, B. triangularis and B. trimera, emphasizing the importance of anatomy as a taxonomic tool. A total of 114 populations of these nine species were examined. The first three principal components of morphoanatomical data provided relevant information to classify the species (75.04% of the total variability). The most discriminatory variable in this issue was the stomatal index (1.0530). We determined the qualitative and quantitative variables in order to differentiate the species by using principal components analysis and ANOVA tests. Stomata type, uniseriate trichome type and presence/absence of collenchyma in the wing margin are the qualitative variables that should be analyzed. Regarding quantitative variables, the epidermal ones in superficial view are more important and discriminatory than those of alate stem cross section and they must be considered for proper quality control of the species of this work.
ABSTRACT
Quassia amara L. popularly known as quasia, is a shrubby plant from Tropical America. The wood, bark and leave are used in either folk medicine or in procuring phytotherapeutic drugs. The aim of the present work was to analize morphoanatomical and micrographic features which might provide assistance in the identification, analysis and standardization of Quasia amara L wood, bark and leaves. Results. Anatomical study showed white yellowish and diffuse porous wood, confluent paratracheal parenchyma. Rays width 1 cell wide and 8-30 cells high. CaOx crystals are absent. Cortex, 1-4 mm thick, a periderm up to 12 layers phellem cells. Leaf, hipostomatic with dorsiventral mesophyll and high number of sclerosed idioblasts.
Quassia amara L. popularmente conocida como quasia es un planta arbustiva de América Tropical. El leño, corteza y hojas son usadas tanto en medicina popular como en la obtención de drogas fitoterapéuticas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar características morfoanatómicas y micrográficas las cuales provean asistencia en la identificación, análisis y estandarización de la madera, corteza y hojas de Quassia amara L. Resultados. El estudio anatómico mostró leño, blanco amarillento, de porosidad difusa. Parénquima paratraqueal confluente. Radios de 1 célula de ancho y 8-30 hileras de alto. Faltan cristales CaOx. Corteza, 1-4 mm de espesor, una peridermis de hasta 12 estratos de células de súber. Hoja, hipoestomática, con mesófilo dorsiventral, con elevado número de idioblastos esclerosados.
Subject(s)
Plant Bark/anatomy & histology , Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology , Wood/anatomy & histology , Quassia/anatomy & histology , Plant Bark/ultrastructure , Plant Leaves/ultrastructure , Wood/ultrastructure , Photomicrography , Quassia/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio de prevalencia con el fin de rastrear cocaína en orina y caracterizar a las madres consumidoras de pasta básica de cocaína (bazuco) durante el embarazo y sus recién nacidos, donde se incluyeron dos grupos de madres, unas que aceptaron su consumo y otras madres que aceptaron consumo de otras sustancias y tenían complicaciones del embarazo. Se captaron 117 binomios madre-recién nacidos, 25 (21/100) aceptaron consumo y 92 (79/100) tenían complicaciones. Las primeras tuvieron menor escolaridad y control prenatal, más enfermedades de transmisión sexual y de consumo de cigarrillo y marihuana; 72/100 resultaron positivas en orina para cocaína contra 15/100 de las madres con complicaciones. La mitad de sus recién nacidos fueron prematuros y de bajo peso al nacer, 20/100 con desnutrición intrauterina y 12/100 con muy bajo peso al nacer. Además 60/100 resultaron positivos en orina para cocaína contra 16/100 de los recién nacidos hijos de madres con complicaciones. A menor nivel educativo y control prenatal, a mayor gravidez y paridad fue mayor significativamente el riesgo de tener en orina un resultado positivo para cocaína. Es urgente la implementación de políticas educativas y de salud pública que eleven el nivel de escolaridad de la mujer, aumenten la cobertura del programa de control prenatal a todas las mujeres embarazadas y prevengan el consumo de sustancias deletéreas durante el embarazo
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Cocaine , Cocaine-Related Disorders , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Studies , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Pregnancy , ColombiaABSTRACT
Se selecciona un grupo de pacientes con infección urinaria, se estudian precisamente los síntomas y gérmenes responsables de la infección. Se realizaron curas vesicales diariamente durante 10 días con solución de nitrofurazona. Se obtiene buen resultado en el 94,1 por ciento de los casos. Se muestra la sustitucion de medicamentos con esta terapéutica como medida alternativa
Subject(s)
Humans , Nitrofurazone/therapeutic use , Urinary Tract Infections/therapyABSTRACT
The curricular content of undergraduate programs in the health sciences should integrate, in a logical and coherent manner, competencies in general education as well as professional and interdisciplinary competencies. Among the principal obstacles for integration discussed are inflexibility of administrative and accreditation policies and lack of an interdisciplinary vision in curriculum development. This article examines the need to prepare a graduate with competencies to attend patient/client as a holistic human being, thus requiring to make use of psychological, ethical, legal & philosophical knowledge as well as concepts, skill and attitudes of the profession. The program of Bachelor in Health Sciences of the College of Health Related Professions is presented as one of an interdisciplinary nature, in which 23 percent of the total credits are general education courses, 49 percent are professional courses, 17 percent are interdisciplinary courses and 11 percent are elective courses